4,828 research outputs found
An investigation on molecular dynamics of binary mixtures of N-methylacetamide and tetramethylurea in microwave region
The dielectric relaxation times (τ)and the dipole moments (µ) of the binary mixtures of different molar concentrations of tetramethylurea (TMU) in the binary mixtures of N-methylacetamide (NMA) and tetramethylurea (TMU) in benzene solutions have been calculated by using standard standing wave microwave techniques and Gopala Krishna’s single frequency (9.90 GHz) concentration variational method at different temperatures (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C). The energy parameters (He, Fe, Se) for the dielectric relaxation process of binary mixtures containing 30% mole-fraction of TMU have been calculated at the respective given temperatures and the comparison has been made with the corresponding energy parameters (Hη, Fη, Sη) for the viscous flow. On the basis of the observations, it is found that the dielectric relaxation process can be treated as the rate process like the viscous flow process. The solute-solute and solute-solvent types of the molecular associations have been predicted
Structural Vulnerability Analysis of Electric Power Distribution Grids
Power grid outages cause huge economical and societal costs. Disruptions in
the power distribution grid are responsible for a significant fraction of
electric power unavailability to customers. The impact of extreme weather
conditions, continuously increasing demand, and the over-ageing of assets in
the grid, deteriorates the safety of electric power delivery in the near
future. It is this dependence on electric power that necessitates further
research in the power distribution grid security assessment. Thus measures to
analyze the robustness characteristics and to identify vulnerabilities as they
exist in the grid are of utmost importance. This research investigates exactly
those concepts- the vulnerability and robustness of power distribution grids
from a topological point of view, and proposes a metric to quantify them with
respect to assets in a distribution grid. Real-world data is used to
demonstrate the applicability of the proposed metric as a tool to assess the
criticality of assets in a distribution grid
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